We want questions that yield consistent responses when asked multiple times - this is reliability. To apply these concepts to social research, we want to use measurement tools that are both reliable and valid. Measuring this piece of wood with a "good" tape measure should produce a correct measurement of the wood's length. To continue with the example of measuring the piece of wood, a tape measure that has been created with accurate spacing for inches, feet, etc. Validity refers to the extent we are measuring what we hope to measure (and what we think we are measuring). The tape measure yields reliable results. Measure it repeatedly and you consistently get a measurement of 2 1/2 feet. Measure - you get a measurement of 2 1/2 feet.
Say you have a piece of wood that is 2 1/2 feet long. Think about measurement processes in other contexts - in construction or woodworking, a tape measure is a highly reliable measuring instrument. Reliability is concerned with questions of stability and consistency - does the same measurement tool yield stable and consistent results when repeated over time. These two concepts are validity and reliability. Whether the same measurement process yields the same results.Whether we are measuring what we intend to measure.Two of the primary criteria of evaluation in any measurement or observation are: Although the guiding principle should be the specific purposes of the research, there are better and worse questions for any particular operationalization. For every dimension of interest and specific question or set of questions, there are a vast number of ways to make questions.
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